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Date:	Mon, 07 Apr 2014 09:39:29 -0600
From:	Eric Blake <eblake AT redhat DOT com>
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To:	cygwin AT cygwin DOT com
Subject:	Re: long_int vs int byte sizes
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On 04/07/2014 08:42 AM, Corinna Vinschen wrote:
> On Apr  7 08:16, Eric Blake wrote:
>> On 04/07/2014 02:47 AM, Corinna Vinschen wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> There's no standard which restricts the sizes of the datatypes in
>>> that way.  There's only this rule to follow:
>>>
>>>   sizeof (char) <=3D sizeof (short) <=3D sizeof (int) <=3D sizeof (long)
>>
>> Well, there IS the C rule that sizeof(char)=3D=3D1, and also that char h=
olds
>>> =3D 8 bits, short holds >=3D 8 bits, int holds >=3D 16 bits, long holds=
 >=3D 32
>> bits.  There is also a POSIX rule that CHAR_BITS=3D=3D8 (so while C allo=
ws a
>> 9-bit or 32-bit char [and yes, such machines exist, although rare],
>> POSIX does not allow that).
>=20
> Apart from POSIX, where is that defined?

C99 5.2.4.2.1 Sizes of integer types <limits.h>

requires CHAR_BIT to be 8 or larger, UCHAR_MAX to be 255 or larger,
USHRT_MAX to be 65535 or larger (oh, so I was wrong above; 8-bit short
is not allowed), UINT_MAX to be 65535 or larger, ULONG_MAX to be
4294967295 or larger, and ULLONG_MAX to be 18446744073709551615 or larger.

POSIX then requires CHAR_BIT to be exactly 8.

>  The old K&R rules only defined
> the sizes of the datatypes in comparison to each other, but it never
> defined minimum sizes.  If you have a 7 bit machine and you only use
> ASCII, you can be happy ever after.  And while it *suggested* that short
> < long, it didn't demand it.

K&R C probably did allow for 7-bit char.  I'm not sure off-hand what C89
required, but C99 definitely prohibits a 7-bit char type.  However, you
ARE correct that C99 allows sizeof(short)=3D=3Dsizeof(long)=3D=3D1 for plat=
forms
with 32-bit char.  Again, all that C requires is a <=3D relationship
between each progressively higher rank type, so the only thing we can't
have is sizeof(short)>sizeof(long).

>=20
>> POSIX does not allow that).  But in general, on most modern porting
>> platforms, 'long' is a redundant type - it will either be equal in size
>> to 'int' (typical for a 32-bit machine) or to a 'long long' (typical for
>> a 64-bit machine); it only mattered on 16-bit machines which are now
>> museum pieces.
>=20
> Xstormy16?

Okay, so maybe 16-bit machines aren't all museum pieces - but they also
aren't portability targets for the majority of programs run on cygwin :)

--=20
Eric Blake   eblake redhat com    +1-919-301-3266
Libvirt virtualization library http://libvirt.org


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