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GNU shell utilities

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Common options
3. Date input formats

3.1 General date syntax
3.2 Calendar date item
3.3 Time of day item
3.4 Time zone item
3.5 Day of week item
3.6 Relative item in date strings
3.7 Pure numbers in date strings
3.8 Authors of getdate

4. Printing text

4.1 echo: Print a line of text
4.2 printf: Format and print data
4.3 yes: Print a string until interrupted

5. Conditions

5.1 false: Do nothing, unsuccessfully
5.2 true: Do nothing, successfully
5.3 test: Check file types and compare values

5.3.1 File type tests
5.3.2 Access permission tests
5.3.3 File characteristics tests
5.3.4 String tests
5.3.5 Numeric tests
5.3.6 Connectives for test

5.4 expr: Evaluate expressions

5.4.1 String expressions
5.4.2 Numeric expressions
5.4.3 Relations for expr
5.4.4 Examples of using expr

6. Redirection

6.1 tee: Redirect output to multiple files

7. File name manipulation

7.1 basename: Strip directory and suffix from a file name
7.2 dirname: Strip non-directory suffix from a file name
7.3 pathchk: Check file name portability

8. Working context

8.1 pwd: Print working directory
8.2 stty: Print or change terminal characteristics

8.2.1 Control settings
8.2.2 Input settings
8.2.3 Output settings
8.2.4 Local settings
8.2.5 Combination settings
8.2.6 Special characters
8.2.7 Special settings

8.3 printenv: Print all or some environment variables
8.4 tty: Print file name of terminal on standard input

9. User information

9.1 id: Print real and effective uid and gid
9.2 logname: Print current login name
9.3 whoami: Print effective user id
9.4 groups: Print group names a user is in
9.5 users: Print login names of users currently logged in
9.6 who: Print who is currently logged in

10. System context

10.1 date: Print or set system date and time

10.1.1 Time directives
10.1.2 Date directives
10.1.3 Literal directives
10.1.4 Padding
10.1.5 Setting the time
10.1.6 Options for date
10.1.7 Examples of date

10.2 uname: Print system information
10.3 hostname: Print or set system name

11. Modified command invocation

11.1 chroot: Run a command with a different root directory
11.2 env: Run a command in a modified environment
11.3 nice: Run a command with modified scheduling priority
11.4 nohup: Run a command immune to hangups
11.5 su: Run a command with substitute user and group id

12. Delaying

12.1 sleep: Delay for a specified time

13. Numeric operations

13.1 factor: Print prime factors
13.2 seq: Print numeric sequences

Index