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GNU shell utilities

5.3.3 File characteristics tests

These options test other file characteristics.

`-e file'

True if file exists.

`-s file'

True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.

`file1 -nt file2'

True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2.

`file1 -ot file2'

True if file1 is older (according to modification date) than file2.

`file1 -ef file2'

True if file1 and file2 have the same device and inode numbers, i.e., if they are hard links to each other.