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Objective-C Language Manual

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Overview
1.2 Caveats
1.3 Conventions
1.4 Acknowledgements

2. Objects, Messages and Classes

2.1 Objects Encapsulate Data and Operations
2.2 Messages Request Operations
2.3 Classes Define Objects
2.4 Inheritance of Subclasses

3. Programming Techniques and Conventions

3.1 Overriding Methods
3.2 Abstract Superclasses
3.3 Returning `self'
3.4 ...more here...

4. Advanced Features

4.1 Runtime Message Variation
4.2 Forwarding a Message
4.3 Adding Methods to a Class
4.4 Posing as a Superclass
4.5 Defining a Message Protocol
4.6 Class Initialization
4.7 Encoding Types
4.8 Obtaining the Structure of an Object
4.9 Archiving Objects to a Stream
4.10 ...potential for more here...

5. Builtin Classes

5.1 The `Object' Class

5.1.1 Creating, Copying and Freeing
5.1.2 Identifying the Class
5.1.3 Identifying and Comparing the Instance
5.1.4 Determining Object Type
5.1.5 Determining Inheritance Relations
5.1.6 Determining Messages Understood
5.1.7 Method Lookup
5.1.8 Sending Messages Determined at Runtime
5.1.9 Forwarding
5.1.10 Posing
5.1.11 Enforcing Intentions
5.1.12 Announcing Errors
5.1.13 Archiving

5.2 The `Protocol' Class

A. Objective-C History and Comparisons

A.1 History of Objective-C
A.2 Smalltalk and Objective-C
A.3 Difference between Objective-C and C++
A.4 Difference between GNU Objective-C and others

B. Runtime Internals

B.1 Method Lookup and Selectors
B.2 Runtime Initialization
B.3 Memory Management
B.4 Metaclasses
B.5 Archiving and Typed Streams
B.6 Internal Hash Tables

C. Hacking for Efficiency

C.1 Getting the Address of a Method
C.2 Getting the Address of an Instance Variable

D. Debugging Objective-C
E. Language Summary

E.1 Directives
E.2 Declaring Methods
E.3 Types and Keywords
E.4 Formal Grammar of Objective-C

Concept Index
Function Index