For each operand that names a
of a type other than
directory,
displays its name as well as any requested,
associated information.
For each operand that names a
of type directory,
displays the names of files contained
within that directory, as well as any requested, associated
information.
If no operands are given, the contents of the current
directory are displayed.
If more than one operand is given,
non-directory operands are displayed first; directory
and non-directory operands are sorted separately and in
lexicographical order.
The options are as follows:
List all entries except for
and
Always set for the super-user.
Force multi-column output; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
Display a slash
immediately after each pathname that is a directory,
an asterisk
after each that is executable,
an at sign
after each symbolic link,
a percent sign
after each whiteout,
an equal sign
after each socket,
and a vertical bar
after each that is a FIFO.
If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references
rather than the link itself.
Recursively list subdirectories encountered.
Sort by size, largest file first.
Display complete time information for the file, including
month, day, hour, minute, second, and year.
This option has no effect unless one of the long format
options is also specified.
Display whiteouts when scanning directories.
Include directory entries whose names begin with a
dot
Use time file's status was last changed instead of last modification
time for sorting
or printing
Directories are listed as plain files (not searched recursively) and
symbolic links in the argument list are not indirected through.
Output is not sorted.
Does nothing; kept for compatibility with older versions of
For each file, print its inode number.
Modifies the
option, causing the sizes to be reported in kilobytes.
Overrides any value specified by the
environment variable.
(The lowercase letter
List in long format (see below).
If the output is to a terminal, a total sum of all file
sizes is output on a line before the long listing.
Stream output format; list files across the page, separated by commas.
List in long format as in
but retain user and group IDs in a numeric format.
Include the file flags in a long format
output.
Display a slash
immediately after each pathname that is a directory.
Force printing of non-graphic characters in file names as
the character
this is the default when output is to a terminal.
Reverse the order of the sort to get reverse
lexicographical order or the smallest or oldest entries first.
Display the number of file system blocks actually used by each file,
where partial units are rounded up to the next integer value.
Blocks are 512 bytes unless overridden by the
flag or
environment variable.
Sort by time modified (most recently modified
first) before sorting the operands in lexicographical
order.
Use file's last access time
instead of last modification time
for sorting
or printing
Multi-column output sorted across the page rather than down the page.
(The numeric digit
Force output to be one entry per line.
This is the default when
output is not to a terminal.
The
and
options all override each other; the last one specified determines
the format used.
The
and
options override each other; the last one specified determines
the file time used.
The
option overrides any occurrence of either.
By default,
lists one entry per line to standard
output; the exceptions are to terminals or when the
or
options are specified.
File information is displayed with one or more
<blank>s separating the information associated with the
and
options.
If the
or
options are given, the following information
is displayed for each file:
mode,
number of links,
owner,
group,
size in bytes,
time of last modification
and the pathname.
In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the first
line displayed is the total number of blocks used by the files in the
directory.
Blocks are 512 bytes unless overridden by the
option or
environment variable.
If the owner or group name is not a known user or group name, respectively,
or the
option is given, the numeric ID is displayed.
If the file is a character special or block special file,
the major and minor device numbers for the file are displayed
in the size field.
If the
option is given, the time of last modification is displayed using the
format
If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the
linked-to file is preceded by
The file mode printed under the
or
options consists of the entry type, owner permissions, and group
permissions.
The entry type character describes the type of file, as follows:
block special file
character special file
directory
symbolic link
socket link
whiteout
regular file
The next three fields
are three characters each:
owner permissions,
group permissions, and
other permissions.
Each field has three character positions:
If
the file is readable; if
it is not readable.
If
the file is writable; if
it is not writable.
The first of the following that applies:
If in the owner permissions, the file is not executable and
set-user-ID mode is set.
If in the group permissions, the file is not executable
and set-group-ID mode is set.
If in the owner permissions, the file is executable
and set-user-ID mode is set.
If in the group permissions, the file is executable
and setgroup-ID mode is set.
The file is executable or the directory is
searchable.
The file is neither readable, writable, executable,
nor set-user-ID, nor set-group-ID, nor sticky (see below).
These next two apply only to the third character in the last group
(other permissions):
The sticky bit is set
(mode
but neither executable nor searchable (see
or
The sticky bit is set (mode
and is searchable or executable
(see
or
In addition, if the
option is specified, the file flags (see
are displayed as comma-separated strings in front of the file size,
abbreviated as follows:
no flags
user append-only
user immutable
do not dump
opaque file
system append-only
archived
system immutable
The
utility exits 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.
The following environment variables affect the execution of
If the environment variable
is set, and the
option is not specified, the block counts
(see
will be displayed in units of that size block.
If this variable contains a string representing a
decimal integer, it is used as the
column position width for displaying
multiple-text-column output.
The
utility calculates how
many pathname text columns to display
based on the width provided
(see
The timezone to use when displaying dates.
See
for more information.
The group field is now automatically included in the long listing for
files in order to be compatible with the
specification.
An
utility appeared in
The
utility is expected to be a superset of the
specification.