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The GNU Troff Manual

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 What Is groff?
1.2 History
1.3 groff Capabilities
1.4 Macro Packages
1.5 Preprocessors
1.6 Output Devices
1.7 Credits

2. Invoking groff

2.1 Options
2.2 Environment
2.3 Macro Directories
2.4 Font Directories
2.5 Invocation Examples

2.5.1 grog

3. Tutorial for Macro Users

3.1 Basics
3.2 Common Features

3.2.1 Paragraphs
3.2.2 Sections and Chapters
3.2.3 Headers and Footers
3.2.4 Page Layout
3.2.5 Displays
3.2.6 Footnotes and Annotations
3.2.7 Table of Contents
3.2.8 Indices
3.2.9 Paper Formats
3.2.10 Multiple Columns
3.2.11 Font and Size Changes
3.2.12 Predefined Strings
3.2.13 Preprocessor Support
3.2.14 Configuration and Customization

4. Macro Packages

4.1 `man'

4.1.1 Options
4.1.2 Usage
4.1.3 Macros to set fonts
4.1.4 Miscellaneous macros
4.1.5 Predefined strings
4.1.6 Preprocessors in `man' pages

4.2 `mdoc'
4.3 `ms'

4.3.1 Introduction to `ms'
4.3.2 General structure of an `ms' document
4.3.3 Document control registers

Margin Settings
Text Settings
Paragraph Settings
Footnote Settings
Miscellaneous Number Registers

4.3.4 Cover page macros
4.3.5 Body text

4.3.5.1 Paragraphs
4.3.5.2 Headings
4.3.5.3 Highlighting
4.3.5.4 Lists
4.3.5.5 Indents
4.3.5.6 Tab Stops
4.3.5.7 Displays and keeps
4.3.5.8 Tables, figures, equations, and references
4.3.5.9 An example multi-page table
4.3.5.10 Footnotes

4.3.6 Page layout

4.3.6.1 Headers and footers
4.3.6.2 Margins
4.3.6.3 Multiple columns
4.3.6.4 Creating a table of contents
4.3.6.5 Strings and Special Characters

4.3.7 Differences from AT&T `ms'

4.3.7.1 troff macros not appearing in groff
4.3.7.2 groff macros not appearing in AT&T troff

4.4 `me'
4.5 `mm'

5. gtroff Reference

5.1 Text

5.1.1 Filling and Adjusting
5.1.2 Hyphenation
5.1.3 Sentences
5.1.4 Tab Stops
5.1.5 Implicit Line Breaks

5.2 Input Conventions
5.3 Measurements

5.3.1 Default Units

5.4 Expressions
5.5 Identifiers
5.6 Embedded Commands

5.6.1 Requests

5.6.1.1 Request Arguments

5.6.2 Macros
5.6.3 Escapes

5.6.3.1 Comments

5.7 Registers

5.7.1 Setting Registers
5.7.2 Interpolating Registers
5.7.3 Auto-increment
5.7.4 Assigning Formats
5.7.5 Built-in Registers

5.8 Manipulating Filling and Adjusting
5.9 Manipulating Hyphenation
5.10 Manipulating Spacing
5.11 Tabs and Fields

5.11.1 Leaders
5.11.2 Fields

5.12 Character Translations
5.13 Troff and Nroff Mode
5.14 Line Layout
5.15 Line Control
5.16 Page Layout
5.17 Page Control
5.18 Fonts

5.18.1 Changing Fonts
5.18.2 Font Families
5.18.3 Font Positions
5.18.4 Using Symbols
5.18.5 Special Fonts
5.18.6 Artificial Fonts
5.18.7 Ligatures and Kerning

5.19 Sizes

5.19.1 Changing Type Sizes
5.19.2 Fractional Type Sizes

5.20 Strings
5.21 Conditionals and Loops

5.21.1 Operators in Conditionals
5.21.2 if-else
5.21.3 while

5.22 Writing Macros

5.22.1 Copy-in Mode
5.22.2 Parameters

5.23 Page Motions
5.24 Drawing Requests
5.25 Traps

5.25.1 Page Location Traps
5.25.2 Diversion Traps
5.25.3 Input Line Traps
5.25.4 Blank Line Traps
5.25.5 End-of-input Traps

5.26 Diversions
5.27 Environments
5.28 Suppressing output
5.29 Colors
5.30 I/O
5.31 Postprocessor Access
5.32 Miscellaneous
5.33 gtroff Internals
5.34 Debugging

5.34.1 Warnings

5.35 Implementation Differences

6. Preprocessors

6.1 geqn

6.1.1 Invoking geqn

6.2 gtbl

6.2.1 Invoking gtbl

6.3 gpic

6.3.1 Invoking gpic

6.4 ggrn

6.4.1 Invoking ggrn

6.5 grap
6.6 grefer

6.6.1 Invoking grefer

6.7 gsoelim

6.7.1 Invoking gsoelim

7. Output Devices

7.1 Special Characters
7.2 grotty

7.2.1 Invoking grotty

7.3 grops

7.3.1 Invoking grops
7.3.2 Embedding POSTSCRIPT

7.4 grodvi

7.4.1 Invoking grodvi

7.5 grolj4

7.5.1 Invoking grolj4

7.6 grolbp

7.6.1 Invoking grolbp

7.7 grohtml

7.7.1 Invoking grohtml
7.7.2 grohtml specific registers and strings

7.8 gxditview

7.8.1 Invoking gxditview

8. File formats

8.1 gtroff Output

8.1.1 Language Concepts

8.1.1.1 Separation
8.1.1.2 Argument Units
8.1.1.3 Document Parts

8.1.2 Command Reference

8.1.2.1 Comment Command
8.1.2.2 Simple Commands
8.1.2.3 Graphics Commands
8.1.2.4 Device Control Commands
8.1.2.5 Obsolete Command

8.1.3 Intermediate Output Examples
8.1.4 Output Language Compatibility

8.2 Font Files

8.2.1 `DESC' File Format
8.2.2 Font File Format

9. Installation
A. Copying This Manual

A.1 GNU Free Documentation License

A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

B. Request Index
C. Escape Index
D. Operator Index
E. Register Index
F. Macro Index
G. String Index
H. Glyph Name Index
I. Font File Keyword Index
J. Program and File Index
K. Concept Index