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The GNU C Library

12. Input/Output on Streams

This chapter describes the functions for creating streams and performing input and output operations on them. As discussed in 11. Input/Output Overview, a stream is a fairly abstract, high-level concept representing a communications channel to a file, device, or process.

12.1 Streams		About the data type representing a stream.
12.2 Standard Streams		Streams to the standard input and output devices are created for you.
12.3 Opening Streams		How to create a stream to talk to a file.
12.4 Closing Streams		Close a stream when you are finished with it.
12.5 Streams and Threads		Issues with streams in threaded programs.
12.6 Streams in Internationalized Applications		Streams in internationalized applications.
12.7 Simple Output by Characters or Lines		Unformatted output by characters and lines.
12.8 Character Input		Unformatted input by characters and words.
12.9 Line-Oriented Input		Reading a line or a record from a stream.
12.10 Unreading		Peeking ahead/pushing back input just read.
12.11 Block Input/Output		Input and output operations on blocks of data.
12.12 Formatted Output		printf and related functions.
12.13 Customizing printf		You can define new conversion specifiers for

                                 printf and friends.

12.14 Formatted Input		scanf and related functions.
12.15 End-Of-File and Errors		How you can tell if an I/O error happens.
12.16 Recovering from errors		What you can do about errors.
12.17 Text and Binary Streams		Some systems distinguish between text files and binary files.
12.18 File Positioning		About random-access streams.
12.19 Portable File-Position Functions		Random access on peculiar ISO C systems.
12.20 Stream Buffering		How to control buffering of streams.
12.21 Other Kinds of Streams		Streams that do not necessarily correspond to an open file.
12.22 Formatted Messages		Print strictly formatted messages.