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GNU gprof

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Profiling
2. Compiling a Program for Profiling
3. Executing the Program
4. gprof Command Summary

4.1 Output Options
4.2 Analysis Options
4.3 Miscellaneous Options
4.4 Deprecated Options
4.5 Symspecs

5. Interpreting gprof's Output

5.1 The Flat Profile
5.2 The Call Graph

5.2.1 The Primary Line
5.2.2 Lines for a Function's Callers
5.2.3 Lines for a Function's Subroutines
5.2.4 How Mutually Recursive Functions Are Described

5.3 Line-by-line Profiling
5.4 The Annotated Source Listing

6. Inaccuracy of gprof Output

6.1 Statistical Sampling Error
6.2 Estimating children Times

7. Answers to Common Questions
8. Incompatibilities with Unix gprof
9. Details of Profiling

9.1 Implementation of Profiling
9.2 Profiling Data File Format

9.2.1 Histogram Records
9.2.2 Call-Graph Records
9.2.3 Basic-Block Execution Count Records

9.3 gprof's Internal Operation

9.3.1 Debugging gprof

10. GNU Free Documentation License